生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu)近日(ri)印發了(le)《環境(jing)(jing)(jing)影響評價(jia)公眾(zhong)參與辦法(fa)》（生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu)令第4號，以(yi)下簡稱《公參辦法(fa)》），于2019年(nian)1月1日(ri)起實(shi)施。為使社會各界更加(jia)深(shen)入(ru)了(le)解《公參辦法(fa)》修訂背(bei)景、原則和內(nei)容等，生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)影響評價(jia)司有(you)關負責人(ren)回(hui)答了(le)記者提問。

全文如下：

Q：2006年《環境影響評價公眾參與暫行辦法》頒布，迄今已施行12年，請問這次修訂是基于什么考慮？

A：2006年2月(yue)，原國(guo)家環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護總局印發(fa)《環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響(xiang)評價公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參與暫(zan)行(xing)辦法》（環(huan)(huan)(huan)發(fa)〔2006〕28號，以下簡稱《暫(zan)行(xing)辦法》），首次對環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響(xiang)評價公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參與進行(xing)了(le)全(quan)面系統規定(ding)。辦法自施行(xing)以來，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響(xiang)評價公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參與全(quan)面開展，極大調動了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)保護環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)積極性和主動性，暢通了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護訴求表達(da)渠(qu)道，維(wei)護了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)權益，得到社會廣泛(fan)認可。

隨著經濟社會發展(zhan)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境影響評(ping)價公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參(can)(can)與面(mian)臨新(xin)的(de)形勢和要求(qiu)。黨的(de)十九大報告提出(chu)，要保障廣大人民群眾知情權(quan)、參(can)(can)與權(quan)、表(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)權(quan)和監(jian)督權(quan)，構建政府為(wei)主導、企(qi)業為(wei)主體(ti)、社會組織和公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾共同(tong)(tong)參(can)(can)與的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境治理體(ti)系。環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境影響評(ping)價公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參(can)(can)與作(zuo)為(wei)保障人民群眾環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境保護權(quan)益的(de)有力手(shou)段、構建共同(tong)(tong)參(can)(can)與的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境治理體(ti)系的(de)有效途徑，作(zuo)用將愈發重要。同(tong)(tong)時，也需要進一步優化適(shi)應。一是環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)相關法律法規(gui)進一步健全，對(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)對(dui)象范圍、形式、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開內容、監(jian)管(guan)等(deng)(deng)提出(chu)了(le)更(geng)明確(que)的(de)要求(qiu)；二是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境意識不斷(duan)增強，通(tong)過(guo)參(can)(can)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)維護自(zi)身環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境權(quan)益的(de)主動性不斷(duan)增加，環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)被泛(fan)化的(de)問題亟待解決(jue)，如征地拆遷、就業、財產等(deng)(deng)非環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保利(li)益和訴求(qiu)通(tong)過(guo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)集中表(biao)(biao)達(da)(da)；三是項目環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)實(shi)踐中存在(zai)的(de)責(ze)任主體(ti)不明、定位不清、紙質問卷調(diao)查(cha)流于形式、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾意見反饋機(ji)制不健全、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)過(guo)程弄虛作(zuo)假、違法成本低等(deng)(deng)問題突出(chu)。因此，生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境部決(jue)定對(dui)《暫行(xing)辦法》進行(xing)修訂，將其納入了(le)“十三五”環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境影響評(ping)價制度改(gai)革方案，列(lie)為(wei)部重點(dian)工作(zuo)，修訂出(chu)臺(tai)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)辦法》。

Q：社會上十分關心辦法的修訂，能否簡單介紹下修訂過程？

A：生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境部(bu)高度(du)重視辦(ban)法的(de)修訂，自2015年(nian)就啟動了相關(guan)的(de)前期調研、座談、收集國內外環(huan)(huan)(huan)評公參資料等工作(zuo)，多次組織地(di)方生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境主(zhu)管部(bu)門、建設單位、環(huan)(huan)(huan)評機構、環(huan)(huan)(huan)保NGO、環(huan)(huan)(huan)評及法律(lv)專(zhuan)家等進(jin)行(xing)專(zhuan)題(ti)討論(lun)，堅持“依(yi)法依(yi)規、問題(ti)導(dao)向、突出(chu)重點、保障充分(fen)”的(de)原則，于2016年(nian)3月，形成了征求意(yi)見稿。

2016年4月，生態環境部就(jiu)征求(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)稿(gao)書(shu)面征求(qiu)(qiu)了包括省級及地(di)市級生態環境主管(guan)部門(men)、部內相關司局(ju)及部直屬(shu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、建設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、環評機構(gou)、行(xing)業(ye)技術(shu)支持(chi)部門(men)等(deng)共118家(jia)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)意(yi)見(jian)，并同(tong)步在中國環境影響(xiang)評價(jia)網開展了為期30日的(de)社會公開征求(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)活動(dong)。公眾(zhong)廣泛(fan)關注(zhu)，反(fan)饋了數(shu)百條很(hen)好的(de)意(yi)見(jian)。我們對意(yi)見(jian)進行(xing)了認真研究和(he)統籌考慮，并對《公參辦(ban)法》做了進一步的(de)修改完(wan)善。

2017年以(yi)來(lai)，我們再(zai)次組織(zhi)對立法中的關鍵問題進(jin)行了(le)專家論證(zheng)，對部分(fen)重點地區進(jin)行了(le)實(shi)地調研，進(jin)一步(bu)完善了(le)相關內容，聽取了(le)相關方(fang)面的意見。2018年4月(yue)，送審稿通過生態環(huan)境部部務會審議，并印(yin)發施行。

Q：能(neng)介紹下修訂的主要內容(rong)嗎(ma)？

A：2006年的(de)(de)(de)《暫行(xing)(xing)辦(ban)法(fa)》內(nei)容(rong)包括5章40條(tiao)，新的(de)(de)(de)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)辦(ban)法(fa)》共34條(tiao)，不(bu)再分(fen)章節。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)辦(ban)法(fa)》主(zhu)要針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)建設(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目環(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)相(xiang)(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)定進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了全面修訂：更加明確的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定了建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)責任，由其(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)組(zu)織實施的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實性(xing)(xing)和結果負責；依(yi)照(zhao)《環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定，將(jiang)(jiang)聽取(qu)意見的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)范圍明確為(wei)環(huan)(huan)境影(ying)響評(ping)價范圍內(nei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民、法(fa)人和其(qi)他組(zu)織，優(you)先保(bao)障受影(ying)響公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)權力，并鼓勵建設(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)聽取(qu)范圍外公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)意見，保(bao)障更廣(guang)泛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)權力；進(jin)一步將(jiang)(jiang)信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)(shi)細化(hua)(hua)為(wei)網絡、報紙、張貼公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告等三種方式(shi)(shi)；明確了公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意見的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，優(you)化(hua)(hua)了公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意見調查方式(shi)(shi)，建立健(jian)全了公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意見采納(na)或(huo)不(bu)采納(na)反饋方式(shi)(shi)，針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)弄虛作(zuo)假(jia)(jia)提(ti)出了懲戒措施，確保(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)(xing)和真(zhen)實性(xing)(xing)；全面優(you)化(hua)(hua)了參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)程序細節，實施分(fen)類(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)，不(bu)斷提(ti)高效(xiao)(xiao)率；對(dui)(dui)(dui)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境主(zhu)管部(bu)門環(huan)(huan)評(ping)行(xing)(xing)政許可的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了明確等。通過修訂，進(jin)一步優(you)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目環(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)，解決公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)不(bu)清(qing)、范圍和定位(wei)不(bu)明、流于形式(shi)(shi)、弄虛作(zuo)假(jia)(jia)、違法(fa)成本低(di)、有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)(xing)受到質疑等突出問題，增強其(qi)可操作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)和有效(xiao)(xiao)性(xing)(xing)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)辦(ban)法(fa)》對(dui)(dui)(dui)規(gui)(gui)劃環(huan)(huan)評(ping)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)與(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)定未作(zuo)原則(ze)性(xing)(xing)調整，主(zhu)要是(shi)按照(zhao)《環(huan)(huan)境影(ying)響評(ping)價法(fa)》和《規(gui)(gui)劃環(huan)(huan)境影(ying)響評(ping)價條(tiao)例》執行(xing)(xing)。

Q：修訂后，如何強化對公眾參與的保障和監督？

A：為(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)的(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)性和有效性，新的(de)(de)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)辦法(fa)》做了如下規(gui)定(ding)：一是(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)建設(she)單位單獨編制(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)說明，并納(na)入環(huan)評審(shen)批的(de)(de)受(shou)理要(yao)件，同(tong)步受(shou)理同(tong)步公(gong)(gong)(gong)開，接受(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)監(jian)督和舉(ju)報，要(yao)求(qiu)生態(tai)環(huan)境主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門認真(zhen)對待公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意(yi)見；二是(shi)明確生態(tai)環(huan)境主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)審(shen)查義務，要(yao)求(qiu)生態(tai)環(huan)境主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門對公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)說明的(de)(de)格式是(shi)否符(fu)(fu)合要(yao)求(qiu)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)程序是(shi)否符(fu)(fu)合《公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)辦法(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)審(shen)查；三是(shi)嚴(yan)懲(cheng)違法(fa)和失信行(xing)為(wei)，對未充(chong)分(fen)征(zheng)求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意(yi)見的(de)(de)情形，由生態(tai)環(huan)境主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門責成建設(she)單位重新征(zheng)求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意(yi)見，退(tui)回(hui)環(huan)境影(ying)響報告書；對建設(she)單位違反規(gui)定(ding)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)過程中弄(nong)虛(xu)作(zuo)假，致使公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)說明內容(rong)嚴(yan)重失實(shi)的(de)(de)，由生態(tai)環(huan)境主管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)門將(jiang)該建設(she)單位及其法(fa)定(ding)代(dai)表人或主要(yao)負責人失信信息(xi)記(ji)入其環(huan)境信用記(ji)錄(lu)。上(shang)述措(cuo)施也是(shi)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)(can)與(yu)是(shi)否充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)保(bao)障(zhang)和救濟措(cuo)施，遏制(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)評公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)弄(nong)虛(xu)作(zuo)假等(deng)行(xing)為(wei)，保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)境權(quan)益。

Q：這次修(xiu)訂在提高效率、優(you)化營商(shang)環境方(fang)面有哪些(xie)考(kao)慮？

A：為進一步提(ti)高公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)與的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)、優(you)化營商環(huan)境，此次(ci)修訂中做了(le)以下(xia)考慮：一是(shi)取(qu)消(xiao)了(le)第(di)一次(ci)信息(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)10個(ge)工作日的(de)(de)限制，優(you)化部分(fen)參(can)與程序；二是(shi)實施分(fen)類公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)，對于公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)意見不多的(de)(de)項目，減少了(le)程序；三是(shi)針對位于產業(ye)園區的(de)(de)項目，符合一定的(de)(de)條件(jian)的(de)(de)，在(zai)開(kai)展公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)與過(guo)程中，適當簡化公(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)的(de)(de)程序和形式。通過(guo)上述規定，我們在(zai)充(chong)分(fen)保障公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)與的(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，盡最大努力提(ti)高公(gong)(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)與的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)，不斷優(you)化營商環(huan)境。

Q：在下一(yi)步執行中，應注(zhu)意哪些方面(mian)呢(ni)？

A：新(xin)的(de)(de)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》設定(ding)(ding)了一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)過(guo)渡期(qi)限(xian)，自2019年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日(ri)起施(shi)行。這就意(yi)味著自2019年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日(ri)起，建(jian)設單位(wei)向生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境主管部門報(bao)批建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)文件時(shi)，其申報(bao)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參(can)與的(de)(de)相關材料就需要(yao)符合(he)新(xin)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。由(you)于項(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)具(ju)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)工作周期(qi)，所(suo)以，相關建(jian)設單位(wei)就需要(yao)提前(qian)按(an)照新(xin)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)來開展相關工作，確(que)保在報(bao)批時(shi)符合(he)新(xin)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。關于環(huan)(huan)評(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)正(zheng)在實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)，即在辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)印發之(zhi)前(qian)就已經確(que)定(ding)(ding)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)單位(wei)又(you)是在2019年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日(ri)之(zhi)后擬報(bao)批的(de)(de)，已經按(an)照暫行辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，在7日(ri)內進行了第一次信息(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開的(de)(de)，予以認可(ke)，不必重復開展第一次信息(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開，其余公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參(can)與程序按(an)照新(xin)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)要(yao)求執行。

信(xin)息來源：中華人民共和國中央人民政府(fu)網