司(si)法鑒(jian)(jian)定是指在訴(su)訟(song)活動(dong)中(zhong)鑒(jian)(jian)定人運用科學技術或者專門知識對訴(su)訟(song)涉及的(de)專門性問題進行(xing)鑒(jian)(jian)別(bie)和判斷(duan)并提供(gong)鑒(jian)(jian)定意見的(de)活動(dong)。

環境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)指(zhi)在訴(su)訟(song)活(huo)動中鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人運用環境(jing)科學(xue)的(de)技(ji)術或(huo)者專(zhuan)(zhuan)門知識，采用監測(ce)、檢測(ce)、現場勘察(cha)、實驗模擬或(huo)者綜合分析(xi)等(deng)技(ji)術方法(fa)，對環境(jing)污(wu)(wu)染或(huo)者生態破壞(huai)訴(su)訟(song)涉及的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門性問題(ti)進行鑒別和判斷并提供鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)意見的(de)活(huo)動。環境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)解決的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門性問題(ti)包括：確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)污(wu)(wu)染物的(de)性質；確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)生態環境(jing)遭受損害(hai)的(de)性質、范圍和程度；評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)因(yin)果關系(xi)；評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)污(wu)(wu)染治(zhi)理與運行成本以及防止損害(hai)擴大、修復(fu)生態環境(jing)的(de)措施或(huo)方案等(deng)。

近(jin)年來，全國司(si)法行政機關認真貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)習近(jin)平生態文(wen)明思想，切實(shi)(shi)加強環(huan)境(jing)損害司(si)法鑒定建(jian)設和管理(li)，努力推(tui)動環(huan)境(jing)損害司(si)法鑒定規范化、法制化、科(ke)學化發展(zhan)，有效滿(man)足了環(huan)境(jing)資源訴訟和環(huan)境(jing)行政執法等(deng)鑒定需求，為(wei)打贏污染(ran)防治攻堅(jian)戰，建(jian)設美麗中國作出了積極(ji)貢獻。

一、 環境損害司法鑒定統一登記制度全面確立

（一）依(yi)法(fa)商“兩(liang)高”

按照《全(quan)國(guo)人民(min)代表大(da)會常務(wu)委員(yuan)會關于司(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)管理(li)(li)(li)問題的(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)》（以下簡稱(cheng)《決(jue)定(ding)》）規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，根據(ju)訴訟(song)(song)需要(yao)由國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)司(si)法(fa)行(xing)(xing)政部(bu)門商最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)其他應(ying)當(dang)對鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)人和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機構實行(xing)(xing)登記(ji)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)事(shi)(shi)項，國(guo)家對其實行(xing)(xing)登記(ji)管理(li)(li)(li)。為(wei)滿足訴訟(song)(song)活動對環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)的(de)(de)迫切需求，自2013年以來，司(si)法(fa)部(bu)按照《決(jue)定(ding)》規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)商“兩(liang)高(gao)”程序，與最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)進行(xing)(xing)多次溝通協調(diao)，最(zui)(zui)終一致同(tong)意將(jiang)環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)作(zuo)為(wei)新的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)事(shi)(shi)項納(na)入(ru)統一登記(ji)管理(li)(li)(li)范圍。環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)是《決(jue)定(ding)》頒布10年來第(di)一個經過商“兩(liang)高(gao)”程序實行(xing)(xing)登記(ji)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)事(shi)(shi)項。

（二）實行統一登記管理(li)

2015年12月(yue)，最高人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院、最高人(ren)民檢察院、司(si)法(fa)(fa)部聯合(he)印發(fa)了《關(guan)于(yu)將環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)納(na)入(ru)統一(yi)登(deng)記(ji)管理(li)(li)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》（司(si)發(fa)通(tong)(tong)〔2015〕117號），自此，國家(jia)對從(cong)事環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)業務的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)人(ren)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)機構實行(xing)登(deng)記(ji)管理(li)(li)制度。按照《決(jue)定(ding)(ding)》規定(ding)(ding)，省級司(si)法(fa)(fa)行(xing)政機關(guan)負責對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)人(ren)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)機構的(de)(de)登(deng)記(ji)、名冊(ce)編制和公告等(deng)工作。在訴(su)訟中(zhong)，對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)有(you)關(guan)事項(xiang)發(fa)生(sheng)爭議(yi)，需要鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，應當(dang)委托列入(ru)名冊(ce)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)人(ren)進行(xing)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)。

（三）明確基本(ben)管理(li)框架(jia)

相對(dui)法(fa)醫類、物(wu)證類、聲像資(zi)料(liao)“三大類”司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)理，環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)涉及(ji)面廣(guang)、技術難度大、鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)過程(cheng)復雜，為(wei)(wei)切實(shi)規(gui)范環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)，在環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)理制度確(que)立之(zhi)初(chu)，更加(jia)注(zhu)重依(yi)法(fa)、合作(zuo)、專業、規(gui)范、統(tong)一、務實(shi)，力求破(po)解近年來司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)面臨的突出(chu)問題。2015年12月(yue)，司(si)(si)法(fa)部(bu)和生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)部(bu)（原(yuan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護部(bu)）密切配合，聯合印發了(le)《關(guan)于規(gui)范環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)的通知》（司(si)(si)發通〔2015〕118號(hao)），就環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)一登記(ji)管(guan)(guan)理和規(gui)范管(guan)(guan)理環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)作(zuo)出(chu)明(ming)確(que)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，以高(gao)資(zi)質、高(gao)水平為(wei)(wei)導向(xiang)，對(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)機構設(she)(she)置(zhi)發展(zhan)規(gui)劃、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)事項范圍(wei)、審核登記(ji)程(cheng)序、監督管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作(zuo)等(deng)建立基本框架、作(zuo)出(chu)總體(ti)設(she)(she)計、明(ming)確(que)工(gong)作(zuo)路徑，為(wei)(wei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)行(xing)業健康發展(zhan)奠定(ding)(ding)了(le)良好基礎。

二、準入登記工作嚴格依法

（一(yi)）加快準(zhun)入登記步伐(fa)

為(wei)(wei)滿(man)足環(huan)境資源訴訟、環(huan)境行政(zheng)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)生態環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)賠償制(zhi)度(du)改革(ge)等(deng)(deng)(deng)鑒定(ding)需求，2018年9月(yue)，司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)辦公廳印發《關(guan)(guan)于進(jin)一步做好環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)機(ji)構(gou)和(he)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)人(ren)準(zhun)(zhun)入登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)有關(guan)(guan)工作的(de)通知(zhi)》，提(ti)出要科學(xue)統籌本省(sheng)(sheng)份生態環(huan)境、自然資源、農業(ye)農村、水利、林(lin)業(ye)草原等(deng)(deng)(deng)不同(tong)部(bu)門及高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)院校、社(she)會(hui)機(ji)構(gou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)科研力(li)量，加快準(zhun)(zhun)入一批訴訟急(ji)(ji)需、社(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)的(de)鑒定(ding)機(ji)構(gou)，鼓勵和(he)引導優質科研院所、高(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)院校申請(qing)準(zhun)(zhun)入登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)。司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)在全(quan)面梳理全(quan)國(guo)環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)機(ji)構(gou)情況基礎(chu)上(shang)，督(du)促機(ji)構(gou)少(shao)、力(li)量薄弱的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)份，加快準(zhun)(zhun)入一批訴訟急(ji)(ji)需、社(she)會(hui)關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)的(de)環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)機(ji)構(gou)；加強(qiang)工作督(du)導，自2018年9月(yue)起，建立(li)環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)準(zhun)(zhun)入登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)工作月(yue)報(bao)告制(zhi)度(du)，督(du)促各地(di)將(jiang)(jiang)準(zhun)(zhun)入登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)工作動(dong)態及時上(shang)報(bao)，對于落實不力(li)、推諉塞責的(de)有關(guan)(guan)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)人(ren)員，將(jiang)(jiang)嚴肅追責。截至2020年12月(yue)底，全(quan)國(guo)經(jing)省(sheng)(sheng)級司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)審核登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)的(de)環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)機(ji)構(gou)達200家、鑒定(ding)人(ren)3300余名，已(yi)實現(xian)除西藏自治(zhi)區(qu)外(wai)的(de)省(sheng)(sheng)域全(quan)覆蓋（其中各地(di)數據詳見(jian)下圖），為(wei)(wei)打(da)擊(ji)環(huan)境違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)犯(fan)罪、建設美麗中國(guo)提(ti)供了(le)有力(li)支(zhi)撐。

（二）實行專家評審

相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)傳統(tong)“三大(da)類”鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)涉(she)及專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)領域廣、部(bu)(bu)門多、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)復雜，準入登記工(gong)作(zuo)審(shen)(shen)核難度(du)大(da)。在《決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》以(yi)及《司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登記管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》（司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)令第(di)95號）、《司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)(ren)登記管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》（司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)令第(di)96號）等(deng)現有法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)和(he)制度(du)規范(fan)框架(jia)內(nei)，2016年10月，司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)、生態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)聯合印發《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登記評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登記評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庫管(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》（司(si)(si)(si)(si)發通(tong)(tong)〔2016〕101號），將(jiang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)作(zuo)為環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構準入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)備環(huan)(huan)節，明確(que)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)所(suo)有申(shen)(shen)請(qing)從事環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)和(he)其(qi)他組(zu)織、個(ge)人(ren)(ren)，必(bi)須經過(guo)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)符合要(yao)求才(cai)可準入，并進一(yi)步明確(que)了開展專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程序、步驟及專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構成(cheng)等(deng)。根(gen)(gen)據《評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，省、自治區、直轄市司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)政機(ji)關應(ying)當(dang)根(gen)(gen)據申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)執(zhi)業(ye)范(fan)圍(wei)，針(zhen)對(dui)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)執(zhi)業(ye)范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)事項成(cheng)立專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)組(zu)。專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)組(zu)應(ying)當(dang)遵守(shou)有關法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規，按照司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)政機(ji)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)一(yi)安(an)排(pai)，堅持(chi)科學嚴謹、客觀(guan)公正、實事求是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，獨立、客觀(guan)地(di)組(zu)織開展評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)。專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)組(zu)開展評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)前應(ying)當(dang)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)方案，明確(que)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施程序、主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)內(nei)容、專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)分(fen)(fen)工(gong)等(deng)事項。評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容包(bao)括申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場地(di)、儀器、設備等(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)和(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)能力(li)等(deng)。評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括查閱有關申(shen)(shen)請(qing)材(cai)料，實地(di)查看工(gong)作(zuo)場所(suo)和(he)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，現場勘(kan)驗和(he)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)，聽取申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)匯報、答辯(bian)，對(dui)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)能力(li)進行(xing)考核，考核后(hou)提交由評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)簽名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)書(shu)，包(bao)括評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)基本情況、評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)結(jie)論(lun)和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依據等(deng)內(nei)容。評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)書(shu)應(ying)當(dang)明確(que)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)否具備相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)、是(shi)否具有相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)能力(li)、擬同意(yi)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)業(ye)范(fan)圍(wei)描(miao)述等(deng)。評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)結(jie)論(lun)應(ying)當(dang)經專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組(zu)三分(fen)(fen)之二以(yi)上專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)同意(yi)。引入專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)是(shi)《評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)亮(liang)點，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)嚴把準入關保(bao)證(zheng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資質(zhi)和(he)水平。

（三(san)）細化準(zhun)入條件

為(wei)(wei)規范環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)條件(jian)(jian)能力，2018年6月(yue)，司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)部、生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部聯合印發(fa)《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登(deng)記評(ping)審(shen)細則(ze)(ze)》（司(si)(si)發(fa)通〔2018〕54號(hao)），要求各地嚴(yan)格(ge)按照《細則(ze)(ze)》規定(ding)(ding)(ding)組織(zhi)開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登(deng)記評(ping)審(shen)工(gong)作，嚴(yan)把準入關，為(wei)(wei)公正(zheng)、客觀、準確(que)評(ping)審(shen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構提(ti)供(gong)明確(que)指引，不斷提(ti)高環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)管理(li)工(gong)作水(shui)平(ping)。《細則(ze)(ze)》針對污染物性質(zhi)、地表水(shui)和沉積物損害(hai)(hai)(hai)、空氣污染、土(tu)壤與地下水(shui)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)、近海(hai)海(hai)洋與海(hai)岸帶(dai)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)、生態(tai)(tai)系統損害(hai)(hai)(hai)和其他環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)七個鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)事項，分(fen)別(bie)具體規定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構登(deng)記評(ping)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)程序(xu)、評(ping)分(fen)標(biao)準、專業能力要求、實(shi)驗(yan)室和儀器設備配(pei)置要求等(deng)，規定(ding)(ding)(ding)對鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)審(shen)以(yi)技術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)為(wei)(wei)核心，對鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)構成以(yi)及(ji)實(shi)驗(yan)室條件(jian)(jian)提(ti)出了(le)明確(que)具體的(de)(de)(de)要求，評(ping)審(shen)專家(jia)應當在總量控制、有序(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze)下，嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行評(ping)審(shen)標(biao)準，保證鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構質(zhi)量。《細則(ze)(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)出臺，為(wei)(wei)推(tui)動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)構高資質(zhi)、高水(shui)平(ping)發(fa)展(zhan)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)堅實(shi)基礎(chu)。

針(zhen)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)執(zhi)業管(guan)理范圍和(he)(he)事項(xiang)不(bu)夠細(xi)化等問題(ti)，在制定(ding)(ding)出臺《細(xi)則(ze)》基礎上(shang)，2019年5月，司法(fa)(fa)部(bu)、生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)部(bu)聯合印發《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)執(zhi)業分類(lei)(lei)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》（司發通〔2019〕56號），將環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)七大類(lei)(lei)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)事項(xiang)細(xi)化為47個執(zhi)業類(lei)(lei)別(bie)，對(dui)各執(zhi)業類(lei)(lei)別(bie)的具體鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)內容作出了詳細(xi)說明，對(dui)于更(geng)加(jia)清晰準確地界定(ding)(ding)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)機構(gou)和(he)(he)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)人執(zhi)業類(lei)(lei)別(bie)和(he)(he)范圍，方便環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)委托，切實提(ti)高環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)管(guan)理工作的針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)、規(gui)范性(xing)和(he)(he)科學性(xing)具有重要(yao)意義。

三、環境損害司法鑒定執業環境不斷優化

（一(yi)）推進標準統一(yi)

目前(qian)，與環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)有關(guan)的技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準數(shu)量(liang)多、涉及面廣(guang)，既(ji)有國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化管(guan)理部(bu)(bu)(bu)門發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的相關(guan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，也有生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、自然(ran)資源(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、農業農村部(bu)(bu)(bu)、水利(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門依(yi)據部(bu)(bu)(bu)門職責編(bian)制的特定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)領域(yu)(yu)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)及行(xing)業標(biao)(biao)(biao)準等(deng)(deng)。但總體上看，在很多環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)領域(yu)(yu)仍存在技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準空(kong)白(bai)或滯(zhi)后等(deng)(deng)問題，亟待進一(yi)步規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)、整(zheng)理、補充和(he)修(xiu)改。為切實解決(jue)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)周(zhou)期長、技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準不統一(yi)的問題，司法(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)強與有關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門、科(ke)研機構、專家學者的聯系與協作，自2017年以來(lai)開展了環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)評(ping)估標(biao)(biao)(biao)準匯(hui)編(bian)工作，歷時2年，目前(qian)已經向社會公開出版(ban)《生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)評(ping)估法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)與標(biao)(biao)(biao)準匯(hui)編(bian)》（上中下卷），為滿(man)足(zu)當前(qian)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作需(xu)要(yao)，引導環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人科(ke)學正確適(shi)用環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準打下基礎。同(tong)時，司法(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)(bu)積極依(yi)托行(xing)業優(you)質資源(yuan)和(he)研究(jiu)力量(liang)，加(jia)強標(biao)(biao)(biao)準制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、修(xiu)訂和(he)推廣(guang)實施工作，2020年5月，司法(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《耕地(di)(di)和(he)林地(di)(di)破(po)壞司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SF/T 0074—2020)，規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了耕地(di)(di)和(he)林地(di)(di)破(po)壞司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的委(wei)托與受理、鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程序和(he)方法(fa)(fa)及鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)意見(jian)的要(yao)求，適(shi)用于環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)(hai)司法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)領域(yu)(yu)中土(tu)地(di)(di)性質為耕地(di)(di)和(he)林地(di)(di)的土(tu)地(di)(di)破(po)壞鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。

（二(er)）加強案例指導

為(wei)宣傳環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)功能作(zuo)用，指導(dao)各(ge)機構(gou)開展環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)，要求(qiu)各(ge)地加(jia)大案例報(bao)(bao)送力(li)度，鼓(gu)勵參與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)的鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人積(ji)極(ji)參與(yu)案例編寫(xie)，將案例報(bao)(bao)送和(he)(he)“12348中國法(fa)(fa)網”司(si)法(fa)(fa)行政（法(fa)(fa)律服(fu)務(wu)）案例庫收錄數量作(zuo)為(wei)評價(jia)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機構(gou)能力(li)水平(ping)的重(zhong)要指標。每個鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機構(gou)原則(ze)上每個月至少向本(ben)省（區(qu)、市）司(si)法(fa)(fa)廳（局）報(bao)(bao)送一篇(pian)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)案例，豐富環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)案例類型，重(zhong)點加(jia)強涉及污(wu)染物性(xing)質(zhi)、土壤和(he)(he)地下(xia)水、地表水和(he)(he)沉積(ji)物、海洋(yang)、生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)等的綜合(he)性(xing)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)案例，充(chong)分體現案例的多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)和(he)(he)多(duo)(duo)領域特點，不斷(duan)提高(gao)環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)業務(wu)水平(ping)。同時(shi)(shi)，選取鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)程嚴謹、論證(zheng)充(chong)分、案件典(dian)型且貼近百姓生(sheng)(sheng)活的指導(dao)性(xing)案例及時(shi)(shi)編寫(xie)發(fa)布(bu)，及時(shi)(shi)宣傳環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)助力(li)美(mei)麗中國建設(she)的實踐和(he)(he)舉措，不斷(duan)提高(gao)社(she)會知曉度，為(wei)環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)司(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)行業發(fa)展營造(zao)良好輿論氛圍。

（三）加強鑒(jian)定人隊伍建設

為強(qiang)化環境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治思維，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)能(neng)力素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)，適(shi)(shi)應(ying)環境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)技術(shu)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)新和復雜案件不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)涌現的(de)情況(kuang)，2020年12月8日(ri)至10日(ri)，舉(ju)辦(ban)了全(quan)國(guo)環境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)在線培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班(ban)。培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班(ban)精心(xin)邀請相關專(zhuan)(zhuan)家學(xue)(xue)者和優秀司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)，共講授16節(jie)課(ke)程(cheng)，涵蓋(gai)政治理論、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)、程(cheng)序規(gui)范、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)等(deng)內容。來自(zi)全(quan)國(guo)29個省（區、市）和新疆生產建(jian)設(she)兵(bing)團(tuan)共計2000余名(ming)學(xue)(xue)員參加(jia)(jia)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，取(qu)得良好效果。同時(shi)，為適(shi)(shi)應(ying)新時(shi)代公(gong)共法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律服務體系建(jian)設(she)需(xu)要，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)隊伍政治素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律素(su)養、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技能(neng)和職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)道(dao)(dao)德水平，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)量和公(gong)信力，2021年1月，司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部印發《司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)工作管理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》（司規(gui)〔2021〕1號），明確(que)提(ti)出(chu)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)方案，科學(xue)(xue)規(gui)劃、合理統籌(chou)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)基地、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材、師(shi)資等(deng)建(jian)設(she)，細化考核(he)評估和學(xue)(xue)時(shi)管理要求(qiu)，為加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)隊伍建(jian)設(she)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了堅實(shi)基礎。近(jin)幾年，全(quan)國(guo)各地舉(ju)辦(ban)不(bu)(bu)同形(xing)式的(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)班(ban)對環境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)進行培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，進一(yi)步提(ti)高(gao)(gao)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)和職業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)道(dao)(dao)德水平，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)知識學(xue)(xue)習(xi)和業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務能(neng)力培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)。

（四）從嚴監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)

近年來，司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)部多次下發通知(zhi)，開(kai)展(zhan)“雙隨機(ji)(ji)、一公開(kai)”監(jian)督(du)抽查，不斷加大環境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)人監(jian)管力(li)度。建立健全環境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)黑(hei)名單制(zhi)度與退出機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，對環境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)人失信情況進行記錄、公示和預警(jing)，對于存在違規(gui)收取高額費用、無(wu)故拖(tuo)延鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)期(qi)限、無(wu)正當(dang)理(li)(li)由(you)拒絕接受鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)委托、與有關人員串通違規(gui)開(kai)展(zhan)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)等不良執業(ye)行為，或其他違反司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)管理(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)行為的鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)人，納入環境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)黑(hei)名單，及時向社(she)會公開(kai)，并推送(song)給委托人，在委托前進行警(jing)示。同(tong)時拓展(zhan)信息渠道，完(wan)善舉報(bao)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，鼓勵有關單位(wei)和個人及時向司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)行政機(ji)(ji)關舉報(bao)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)委托受理(li)(li)工作(zuo)中的違法(fa)(fa)違規(gui)問題。全面核(he)查執業(ye)范圍(wei)，動態了解、掌握環境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)業(ye)務開(kai)展(zhan)情況，及時注銷不符(fu)合法(fa)(fa)定(ding)要求的鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)和鑒(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)人。

四、環境損害司法鑒定服務黨和國家大局

（一）積(ji)極參與(yu)和支持(chi)檢察(cha)公(gong)益訴訟

2019年1月，司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)部與最高人民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)院、生態環(huan)境(jing)部及國家發展和改革委員會(hui)等(deng)部門(men)聯(lian)合(he)發布(bu)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)在檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)加強(qiang)(qiang)協作配合(he)依(yi)法(fa)打好污染防治攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)的(de)(de)意見》，就充分發揮(hui)各(ge)部門(men)職(zhi)能作用(yong)，在檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)加強(qiang)(qiang)協作配合(he)，合(he)力(li)打好污染防治攻(gong)(gong)堅戰(zhan)，探索建(jian)立檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)生態環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管理(li)(li)和使(shi)用(yong)銜接機(ji)(ji)制，共同推(tui)動(dong)生態文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設提(ti)出(chu)明(ming)確要(yao)(yao)求。為(wei)支持檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)環(huan)境(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟，解決司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費用(yong)高難題，2019年5月，司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)部辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廳發布(bu)的(de)(de)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)進一步做好環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管理(li)(li)有關(guan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》指(zhi)出(chu)，要(yao)(yao)及時推(tui)出(chu)一批檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)不預收(shou)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，全面(mian)梳理(li)(li)本(ben)省(sheng)份(fen)已(yi)登(deng)記環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)情況，主(zhu)動(dong)與鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)對(dui)接溝通，鼓勵引導綜合(he)實力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)、高資質高水平環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)在不預先(xian)收(shou)取鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費的(de)(de)情況下，能夠及時受理(li)(li)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)委托(tuo)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)，依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規開展鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)活動(dong)，出(chu)具(ju)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)意見，未(wei)預先(xian)收(shou)取的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費待人民法(fa)院判決后(hou)由敗訴(su)(su)方承擔(dan)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)積(ji)極主(zhu)動(dong)承擔(dan)環(huan)境(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟業務且不預收(shou)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費的(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，各(ge)地要(yao)(yao)在政(zheng)策、資金等(deng)方面(mian)給予扶持。此后(hou)，司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)部組織(zhi)開展了檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)不預先(xian)收(shou)取鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費用(yong)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)推(tui)薦工(gong)作，各(ge)地司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)行政(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)共推(tui)薦首批58家在檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中(zhong)不預先(xian)收(shou)取鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)費用(yong)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，供各(ge)級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)在辦(ban)(ban)(ban)理(li)(li)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)時選擇委托(tuo)，為(wei)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)理(li)(li)環(huan)境(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)提(ti)供有力(li)支持。

（二(er)）服(fu)務長江經濟帶司(si)法鑒定協同發展

長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)11省(sheng)市，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)地位(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)、綜(zong)合實(shi)力較強、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力巨大(da)。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是黨中央作出的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)決策，是關系國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)戰略。司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定制度作為一(yi)(yi)項重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)制度，在(zai)服(fu)務和保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中具有重(zhong)要(yao)作用。特(te)別是環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)和綠色發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方面提供重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)據支(zhi)撐。司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)部(bu)認真貫徹落實(shi)習近平(ping)總書(shu)記在(zai)深入推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)座談會、全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護大(da)會上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)講話精神，服(fu)務國(guo)家重(zhong)大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略，充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定功能作用，主動(dong)(dong)服(fu)務和融入長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)建設(she)。2018年(nian)6月，印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)部(bu)關于全(quan)面推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定協(xie)同發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施意(yi)見》（司(si)(si)發(fa)(fa)(fa)〔2018〕4號），提出以健(jian)全(quan)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定管理(li)體制為目標(biao)，以環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定為先(xian)導，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)11省(sheng)(市)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定規(gui)劃(hua)布(bu)局(ju)、管理(li)措施、執業(ye)規(gui)范(fan)、質(zhi)量建設(she)等的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)體化，不斷提高司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)量和水平(ping)，在(zai)更高格(ge)局(ju)、更大(da)范(fan)圍內推(tui)(tui)進司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定行業(ye)規(gui)范(fan)、健(jian)康(kang)、有序、協(xie)同發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，引領和推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)全(quan)國(guo)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)鑒(jian)定行業(ye)轉型升級，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)母親河，服(fu)務長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)帶(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

（三(san)）服務黃河流域高(gao)質量發展

為深入貫徹落實(shi)習近(jin)平(ping)生(sheng)態(tai)文明思想(xiang)，落實(shi)習近(jin)平(ping)總書記在黃河(he)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)保護(hu)和(he)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)座談會上重(zhong)(zhong)要講話(hua)精神(shen)，充分發(fa)(fa)揮環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定功(gong)能作用(yong)，助力黃河(he)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)保護(hu)和(he)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)國家(jia)戰略，2019年10月(yue)24日，司(si)(si)法部(bu)和(he)山東大(da)學共同(tong)組(zu)(zu)建“生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)與(yu)實(shi)踐基地”，同(tong)日在山東大(da)學青島校(xiao)區舉辦“黃河(he)生(sheng)態(tai)文明專家(jia)論(lun)壇(tan)暨生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定理(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)與(yu)實(shi)踐基地成立(li)”儀(yi)式。通過(guo)部(bu)校(xiao)緊密合作，建立(li)完善環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定理(li)論(lun)及(ji)技術體系，探索環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定高(gao)端(duan)人才培養模式，組(zu)(zu)建環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定技術交流(liu)與(yu)大(da)數據(ju)網絡(luo)共享智(zhi)能平(ping)臺和(he)高(gao)端(duan)智(zhi)庫(ku)，促進理(li)論(lun)與(yu)實(shi)踐的高(gao)度融(rong)合，以(yi)環境(jing)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)司(si)(si)法鑒定服務(wu)黃河(he)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)保護(hu)和(he)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

同時(shi)，主動融入(ru)京津(jin)(jin)冀(ji)協同發展(zhan)，著(zhu)力推動京津(jin)(jin)冀(ji)三地(di)(di)在(zai)環(huan)境損害(hai)鑒定管(guan)理、開展(zhan)監督(du)檢查等方(fang)面政策協同，三地(di)(di)統(tong)一的(de)登記評審專(zhuan)家庫已經建立，統(tong)一的(de)準入(ru)登記政策正在(zai)加緊研究制定。